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Что (кто) такое quenched in oil - определение

NEGLECTING THE FERMION DETERMINANT IN LATTICE CALCULATIONS

Quenched QED; Quenched QCD

Oil production and smuggling in the Islamic State

Oil production by ISIL; Energy in ISIL; Oil production in ISIL; ISIS oil trade; Oil production and smuggling in ISIL

Oil production and smuggling was the largest source of revenue for the finances of the Islamic State (IS or ISIS) in Syria and Iraq until the complete loss of its territory in 2019. Most oil extracted was distributed for use within the Islamic State, but some was also smuggled to surrounding states at below market price.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_production_and_smuggling_in_the_Islamic_State

Oil reserves in Iran

OIL RESERVES LOCATED IN IRAN

NIOC Recent Discoveries; NIOC's Oil Reserves; NIOC Oil Reserves; Iran's Oil Resource; Iran Oil Resource; Iran's Oil Reserves; Iran's oil reserves; Iran Oil Discoveries; Iran oil discovery; NIOC Oil Discoveries; NIOC Recent Oil Discoveries; NIOC Recent Gas Discoveries

Proven oil reserves in Iran, according to its government, rank fourth largest in the world at approximately as of 2013, although it ranks third if Canadian reserves of unconventional oil are excluded. This is roughly 10% of the world's total proven petroleum reserves.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Iran

Quenched approximation

In lattice field theory, the quenched approximation is an approximation often used in lattice gauge theory in which the quantum loops of fermions in Feynman diagrams are neglected. Equivalently, the corresponding one-loop determinants are set to one.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quenched_approximation

Википедия

Quenched approximation

In lattice field theory, the quenched approximation is an approximation often used in lattice gauge theory in which the quantum loops of fermions in Feynman diagrams are neglected. Equivalently, the corresponding one-loop determinants are set to one. This approximation is often forced upon the physicists because the calculation with the Grassmann numbers is computationally very difficult in lattice gauge theory.

In particular, quenched QED is QED without dynamical electrons, and quenched QCD is QCD without dynamical quarks.

Recent calculations typically avoid the quenched approximation.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quenched approximation